An Investigation into the Significance of HHV-6 in Catatonia and Mental Health Disorders : Hypothesis - HHV-6 can lead to encephalopathy, catatonia and mental health disorders
Published 2021-06-12
Keywords
- Human Herpes Virus - 6,
- Mental health disorder
How to Cite
Abstract
In this paper, the effects of all types of Human Herpes Virus (HHV-6) is reviewed in relation to encephalopathy, catatonia and mental health disorders due to recent research indicating that HHV-6 does a lot more than just causing Roseola, encephalitis and encephalopathy and that it could be the key to the recent rise in mental health disorders.
The review suggests that the hypothesis that HHV-6 can lead to encephalopathy, catatonia and mental health disorders is true. The links between HHV-6, catatonia and mental health disorders are clear, and it seems necessary to do more research into the topic. It is possible HHV-6 plays a big role in causing catatonia among patients due to it causing encephalopathy and possibly causing and/or assisting the onset of mental health disorders, both of which are known to cause catatonia. HHV-6 is a relatively unknown pathogen to the wider population, but research is now indicating its prevalence and its effects could be behind the recent rise in mental health disorders.
References
- Ongrádi J, Ablashi DV, Yoshikawa T, Stercz B, Ogata M. Roseolovirusassociated encephalitis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. J Neurovirol. 2017 Feb;23(1):1-19. doi: 10.1007/s13365-016-0473-0. Epub 2016 Aug 18.
- Düver F, Weiβbrich B, Eyrich M, Wölfl M, Schlegel PG, Wiegering V. Viral reactivations following hemopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients – A single center 11-year analysis. PLoS One. 2020 Feb 4;15(2):e0228451. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228451. eCollection 2020
- Pellett PE, Ablashi DV, Ambros PF et al: Chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6: questions and answers. Rev Med Virol. 2012 May;22(3):144-55. doi: 10.1002/rmv.715
- American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 119– 121. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
- M Justin Coffey, MD https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ catatonia-in-adults-epidemiologyclinical-features-assessment-anddiagnosis?search=cataonia%20in%2 0adults&source=search_result&select edTitle=2~48&usage_type=default&d isplay_rank=2
- Davis, Charles Patrick. “Encephalopathy”. MedicineNet 13/8/2018 https://www.medicinenet.com/encep halopathy/article.htm
- Blomberg J, Rizwan M, Böhlin-Wiener A, Elfaitouri A, Julin P, Zachrisson O, Rosén A, Gottfries CG (2019). Antibodies to Human Herpesviruses in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients. Front Immunol. 2019 Aug 14;10:1946. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01946. eCollection 2019.
- Aoki R, Kobayashi N, Suzuki G, Kuratsune H, Shimada K, Oka N, Takahashi M, Yamadera W, Iwashita M, Tokuno S, Nibuya M, Tanichi M, Mukai Y, Mitani K, Kondo K, Ito H, Nakayama K Human herpesvirus 6 and 7 are biomarkers for fatigue, which distinguish between physiological fatigue and pathological fatigue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016 Sep 9;478(1):424-430. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.010. Epub 2016 Jul 7.
- McManus, S., Meltzer, H., Brugha, T. S., Bebbington, P. E., & Jenkins, R. (2009). Adult psychiatric morbidity in England, 2007: results of a household survey. The NHS Information Centre for health and social care.
- McManus S, Bebbington P, Jenkins R, Brugha T. (eds.) (2016). Mental health and wellbeing in England: Adult psychiatric morbidity survey 2014. Leeds: NHS digital.
- https://www.mind.org.uk/information -support/types-of-mental-healthproblems/statistics-and-facts-aboutmental-health/how-common-aremental-health-problems
- Subramaniyam BA, Muliyala KP, Hari Hara S, Kumar Reddi VS. Prevalence of catatonic signs and symptoms in an acute psychiatric unit from a tertiary psychiatric center in India. Asian J Psychiatr. 2019 Aug;44:13- 17. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.07.003. Epub 2019 Jul 5.
- Takács R, Asztalos M, Ungvari GS, Antosik-Wójcińska AZ, Gazdag G. The prevalence of catatonic syndrom e in acute psychiatric wards. Psychiatr Pol. 2019 Dec 31;53(6):1251-1260. doi: 10.12740/PP/102657. Epub 2019 Dec 31.
- Peter-Ross EM. Molecular hypotheses to explain the shared pathways and underlying pathobiological causes in catatonia and in catatonic presentations in neuropsychiatric disorders. Med Hypotheses. 2018 Apr;113:54-64. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.02.009. Epub 2018 Feb 15.
- Prusty BK, Gulve N, Govind S, Krueger GRF, Feichtinger J, Larcombe L, Aspinall R, Ablashi DV and Toro CT (2018) Active HHV-6 Infection of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells in Mood Disorders. Front. Microbiol. 9:1955. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01955
- DelBello, M. P., Strakowski, S. M., Zimmerman, M. E., Hawkins, J. M., and Sax, K. W. (1999). MRI analysis of the cerebellum in bipolar disorder: a pilot study. Neuropsychopharmacology 21, 63– 68. doi: 10.1016/S0893-133X (99)00026-3
- https://media.sciencephoto.com/image/p3600474/800wm/P3600474-Purkinje_nerve_cells_in_the_cerebellum.jpg